ncert class 11 geography chapter 2 structure and physiography uppsc upsc ias pcs ssc si ro aro ibps
NCERT GEOGRAPHY CLASS 11 INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF INDIA -
BEST GEOGRAPHY TRICKS TO REMEMBER HIMALAYA RANGES OF INDIA - GREAT HIMALAYA RANGE , MIDDLE HIMALAYA RANGE , LESSER HIMALAYA RANGE , SIVALIK OR SIWALIK RANGE , PENINSULAR PLATEAU MOUNTAIN RANGES OF SOUTH INDIA - NALLAMALLA HILLS , NILGIRI HILLS
3 TYPES OF GEOLOGICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA -(i) The Penisular Block
(ii) The Himalayas and other Peninuslar
Mountains
(iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
6 TYPES OF PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF INDIA
(1) The Northern and North-eastern
Mountains
(2) The Northern Plain
(3) The Peninsular Plateau
(4) The Indian Desert
(5) The Coastal Plains
(6) The Islands.
DISCUSSION OF (i) Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas
(ii) Himachal and Uttaranchal Himalayas
(iii) Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas
(iv) Arunachal Himalayas
(v) Eastern Hills and Mountains.
Zoji La on the Great Himalayas,
Banihal on the Pir Panjal,
Photu La on the Zaskar and Khardung La on ladakh
(i) The Deccan Plateau
(ii) The Central Highlands
(iii) The Northeastern Plateau
Satpura, Maikal range and Mahadeo hills in
the north. Western Ghats are locally known
by different names such as Sahyadri in
Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu and Anaimalai hills and
Cardamom hills in Kerala. Western Ghats are
comparatively higher in elevation and more
continuous than the Eastern Ghats. Their
average elevation is about 1,500 m with the
height increasing from north to south.
‘Anaimudi’ (2,695 m), the highest peak of Peninsular plateau is located on the Anaimalai
hills of the Western Ghats followed by Dodabetta
(2,637 m) on the Nilgiri hills. Most of the
Peninsular rivers have their origin in the
Western Ghats. Eastern Ghats comprising the
discontinuous and low hills are highly eroded
by the rivers such as the Mahanadi, the
Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri, etc. Some of
the important ranges include the Javadi hills,
the Palconda range, the Nallamala hills, the
Mahendragiri hills, etc. The Eastern and the
Western Ghats meet each other at the Nilgiri hills
The Garo
Hills; (ii) The Khasi Hills; (iii) The Jaintia Hills,
named after the tribal groups inhabiting this
region. An extension of this is also seen in the
Karbi Anglong hills of Assam.
To the northwest of the Aravali hills lies the
Great Indian desert. It is a land of undulating
topography dotted with longitudinal dunes
and barchans. This region receives low rainfall
below 150 mm per year; hence, it has arid
climate with low vegetation cover. It is because
of these characteristic features that this is also
known as Marusthali.
(i) the western coastal
plains; (ii) the eastern coastal plains.
There are two major island groups in India –
one in the Bay of Bengal and the other in the
Arabian Sea. The Bay of Bengal island groups
consist of about 572 islands/islets. These are
situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and
92°E -94°E. The two principal groups of islets
include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the
Labrynth island. The entire group of island is
divided into two broad categories – the
Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the
south. They are separated by a water body
which is called the Ten degree channel. It is
believed that these islands are an elevated
portion of submarine mountains. However,
some smaller islands are volcanic in origin.
Barren island, the only active volcano in India
is also situated in the Nicobar islands.
Some important mountain peaks in
Andaman and Nicobar islands are Saddle
peak (North Andaman – 738 m), Mount
Diavolo (Middle Andaman – 515 m), Mount
Koyob (South Andaman – 460 m) and
Mount Thuiller (Great Nicobar – 642 m).
The coastal line has some coral deposits,
and beautiful beaches. These islands receive
convectional rainfall and have an equatorial
type of vegetation.
The islands of the Arabian sea include
Lakshadweep and Minicoy. These are scattered
between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude.
These islands are located at a distance of
280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast. The
entire island group is built of coral deposits.
There are approximately 36 islands of which
11 are inhabited. Minicoy is the largest island
with an area of 453 sq. km. The entire group
of islands is broadly divided by the Eleventh
degree channel, north of which is the Amini
Island and to the south of the Canannore
Island. The Islands of this archipelago have
storm beaches consisting of unconsolidated
pebbles, shingles, cobbles and boulders on the
eastern seaboard.
BEST GEOGRAPHY TRICKS TO REMEMBER HIMALAYA RANGES OF INDIA - GREAT HIMALAYA RANGE , MIDDLE HIMALAYA RANGE , LESSER HIMALAYA RANGE , SIVALIK OR SIWALIK RANGE , PENINSULAR PLATEAU MOUNTAIN RANGES OF SOUTH INDIA - NALLAMALLA HILLS , NILGIRI HILLS
3 TYPES OF GEOLOGICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA -(i) The Penisular Block
(ii) The Himalayas and other Peninuslar
Mountains
(iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
6 TYPES OF PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF INDIA
(1) The Northern and North-eastern
Mountains
(2) The Northern Plain
(3) The Peninsular Plateau
(4) The Indian Desert
(5) The Coastal Plains
(6) The Islands.
DISCUSSION OF (i) Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas
(ii) Himachal and Uttaranchal Himalayas
(iii) Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas
(iv) Arunachal Himalayas
(v) Eastern Hills and Mountains.
Zoji La on the Great Himalayas,
Banihal on the Pir Panjal,
Photu La on the Zaskar and Khardung La on ladakh
(i) The Deccan Plateau
(ii) The Central Highlands
(iii) The Northeastern Plateau
Satpura, Maikal range and Mahadeo hills in
the north. Western Ghats are locally known
by different names such as Sahyadri in
Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu and Anaimalai hills and
Cardamom hills in Kerala. Western Ghats are
comparatively higher in elevation and more
continuous than the Eastern Ghats. Their
average elevation is about 1,500 m with the
height increasing from north to south.
‘Anaimudi’ (2,695 m), the highest peak of Peninsular plateau is located on the Anaimalai
hills of the Western Ghats followed by Dodabetta
(2,637 m) on the Nilgiri hills. Most of the
Peninsular rivers have their origin in the
Western Ghats. Eastern Ghats comprising the
discontinuous and low hills are highly eroded
by the rivers such as the Mahanadi, the
Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri, etc. Some of
the important ranges include the Javadi hills,
the Palconda range, the Nallamala hills, the
Mahendragiri hills, etc. The Eastern and the
Western Ghats meet each other at the Nilgiri hills
The Garo
Hills; (ii) The Khasi Hills; (iii) The Jaintia Hills,
named after the tribal groups inhabiting this
region. An extension of this is also seen in the
Karbi Anglong hills of Assam.
To the northwest of the Aravali hills lies the
Great Indian desert. It is a land of undulating
topography dotted with longitudinal dunes
and barchans. This region receives low rainfall
below 150 mm per year; hence, it has arid
climate with low vegetation cover. It is because
of these characteristic features that this is also
known as Marusthali.
(i) the western coastal
plains; (ii) the eastern coastal plains.
There are two major island groups in India –
one in the Bay of Bengal and the other in the
Arabian Sea. The Bay of Bengal island groups
consist of about 572 islands/islets. These are
situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and
92°E -94°E. The two principal groups of islets
include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the
Labrynth island. The entire group of island is
divided into two broad categories – the
Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the
south. They are separated by a water body
which is called the Ten degree channel. It is
believed that these islands are an elevated
portion of submarine mountains. However,
some smaller islands are volcanic in origin.
Barren island, the only active volcano in India
is also situated in the Nicobar islands.
Some important mountain peaks in
Andaman and Nicobar islands are Saddle
peak (North Andaman – 738 m), Mount
Diavolo (Middle Andaman – 515 m), Mount
Koyob (South Andaman – 460 m) and
Mount Thuiller (Great Nicobar – 642 m).
The coastal line has some coral deposits,
and beautiful beaches. These islands receive
convectional rainfall and have an equatorial
type of vegetation.
The islands of the Arabian sea include
Lakshadweep and Minicoy. These are scattered
between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude.
These islands are located at a distance of
280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast. The
entire island group is built of coral deposits.
There are approximately 36 islands of which
11 are inhabited. Minicoy is the largest island
with an area of 453 sq. km. The entire group
of islands is broadly divided by the Eleventh
degree channel, north of which is the Amini
Island and to the south of the Canannore
Island. The Islands of this archipelago have
storm beaches consisting of unconsolidated
pebbles, shingles, cobbles and boulders on the
eastern seaboard.
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